Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption can cause multi-systemic diseases. Among them, alcoholic liver disease is the most frequent and serious disease. Electrolytic hydrogen water (EHW) is produced at the cathode during electrolysis of water and contains a large amount of molecular hydrogen and a low content of platinum nanoparticles with alkaline properties. In this study, we found that EHW inhibits ethanol-induced cytotoxicity by decreasing the intracellular acetaldehyde, a toxic substance produced by ethanol degradation, in hepatocyte cell lines HepG2. Analysis of the mechanism of action revealed that EHW inhibits the metabolism of ethanol to acetaldehyde by suppressing alcohol dehydrogenase. EHW also promotes the metabolism of acetaldehyde to acetic acid by activating aldehyde dehydrogenase, which plays to reduce aldehyde toxicity and intracellular reactive oxygen species in HepG2 cells. These functions were correlated with the concentration of molecular hydrogen in EHW, and were abolished by degassing treatment, suggesting that molecular hydrogen may contribute as a functional factor in the suppression of ethanol-induced hepatocellular damage. Furthermore, hydrogen water with high dissolved hydrogen molecule showed the same hepatocellular protective effect against ethanol as the EHW. These results suggest that EHW may be useful in the prevention of alcoholic liver disease.
Highlights
Electrolytic hydrogen water (EHW) contains abundant molecular hydrogen and very small amounts of platinum nanoparticles with alkaline properties [1,2]
We found that EHW suppressed cell death and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in the ethanol-treated hepatocyte cell line, HepG2, by decreasing intracellular acetaldehyde, a toxic substance produced by ethanol degradation
These results indicated that EHW has hepatocyte protective potency with reduction of intracellular ROS against acetaldehyde toxicity
Summary
Electrolytic hydrogen water (EHW) contains abundant molecular hydrogen and very small amounts of platinum nanoparticles with alkaline properties [1,2]. EHW has been shown to reduce intracellular ROS levels in the fibrosarcoma cell line, HT1080, when exposed to H2 O2 as an oxidative stress agent, with stronger activity than hydrogen water containing the same concentration of molecular hydrogen [2]. These EHW and hydrogen water properties have been verified by animal experiments to contribute to the alleviation of pathological conditions such as diabetes, arteriosclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases, which are closely related to oxidative stress [3,4,5]. A non-randomized, non-blinded, prospective observational study reported that hemodialysis using a dialysis solution containing high concentrations of hydrogen produced by electrolysis can reduce the mortality risk and cardiac and cere-
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