Abstract
This article reviews some of the basic theories and concepts involved in selecting an aprotic electrolyte solution for improving existing high-energy battery systems and in developing new electrolyte solutions for advanced high-energy batteries. These theories and concepts are, to a large extent, well established and experimentally confirmed based on thermodynamic and transport properties of dilute solutions, but these approaches for concentrated solutions of practical importance for use in high-energy-density batteries require advanced theoretical treatments of highly concentrated solutions, and this is an area of intense research today. However, these basic concepts, even for dilute solutions, are the bases or the guides for developing new and much improved electrolyte solutions. Based on these fundamental concepts, new electrolytes and new aprotic solvents (binary, ternary, and quaternary mixtures) have experimentally been developed to optimize transport properties and electrochemical stability over a wide range of potentials versus the Li/Li + reference electrode.
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