Abstract
Copper serpentines used in gas heaters are currently coated with lead-tin alloy using hot-dip technology where copper is immersed in molten lead (98%)-Tin at about 400°C. The major drawback of this technique is the pollution resulted from lead vapors which cause much harm to the labors in the unit. The present work investigates an eco-friendly plating technique to replace the currently used technology. Electroless plating of copper samples with lead or Lead (98%)-Tin alloy is carried out from a plating bath contained lead salt, tin salt, reducing agent and stabilizing agent. The parameters affecting the coating quality such as the plating time, temperature and bath composition were optimized. The chemical analysis and coating morphology of the formed coatings are examined by XRD, SEM and EDS to reach the best bath composition as well as the best conditions to coat copper with lead or lead-tin electrolessly. The electrochemical properties of copper and copper coated samples are also examined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
Highlights
IntroductionThe hot-dip has been a very common coating method where copper is immersed in molten lead (98%)-Tin at about 400 ̊C
Plating has been used for many years, it is critical for contemporary technology
Copper serpentines used in gas heaters are currently coated with lead-tin alloy using hot-dip technology where copper is immersed in molten lead (98%)-Tin at about 400 ̊C
Summary
The hot-dip has been a very common coating method where copper is immersed in molten lead (98%)-Tin at about 400 ̊C. Electroless plating lead or lead-tin on copper becomes an alternative coating method where copper is immersed in an electroless solution bath. These bathes consist of lead ions, tin ions, reducing agent, complexing agent, stabilizing agent and surfactant. Plating copper with an alloy of 60% Sn/40% Pb by immersion in plating bath has a composition comprising an organic sulfonic acid, divalent tin and lead salts of the organic sulfonic acid and thiourea at low temperature region within a short span of time [2]. The work aims to replace the currently used environmentally polluted technique of lead (98%)-tin coating on copper pipes of gas heaters by an ecofriendly technique
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