Abstract
Hydrodynamic permeability, electroosmotic permeability, and streaming potential measurements of aqueous urea solutions were carried out across urinary bladder membranes. It was found that hydrodynamic permeability and streaming potential decrease with an increase in concentration of urea, while electroosmotic flow increases with an increase in concentration. A nonlinear relation of fluxes and forces exists across the membrane and Onsager's reciprocal relationship was found to be valid. The concentration dependence of phenomenological coefficients was examined and the factors responsible for nonlinearity are discussed. Results are analyzed in terms of the methodology of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. Physiological aspects of electrokinetic phenomena are also discussed.
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