Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash has a high concentration of heavy metals (HMs) which are hazardous to the environment. Moreover, it has high pH and buffering capacity which hinders the removal of HMs. Another constraining factor is the considerable fraction of HMs which exist in oxidizable and reducible states. The acid pretreatment of MSWI fly ash is a key solution to this problem. Therefore, the current experiment is carried out to evaluate the effect of acid pretreatment of MSWI fly ash and reaction/proposed time on the removal efficiency of HMs through an electrokinetic experiment. The leaching experiment results show that acid pretreatment has increased the desorption/release of heavy metal ions (Pb2+, Cd2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+). It enhances the migration of HM ions in electrolytic cells which get precipitated at the cathode, thereby increasing the removal efficiency of HMs in the electrokinetic experiment. Moreover, it is found that prolonged proposed time (12 d) has significant effect on the removal efficiency of HMs. Finally, it is concluded that acid pretreatment and prolonged proposed time have enhanced the removal electrokinetic remediation of HMs which is carried out via three processes, i.e. desorption (enhanced by acidification), migration and precipitation.
Highlights
Municipal solid waste (MSW) has increased owing to rapid urbanization throughout the world
The main purpose of this experiment is to increase the desorption of heavy metals (HMs) ions from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash which can migrate from anode to cathode and get precipitated
The removal efficiency of HMs can be increased through electrokinetic remediation
Summary
Municipal solid waste (MSW) has increased owing to rapid urbanization throughout the world. Several techniques have been employed for the disposal of solid waste such as composting, landfill and incineration [4,5]. Incineration has been widely used which has reduced the volume of waste besides removing pathogens. In this technique, solid wastes are burnt at high temperature which results in the volatilization of HMs and are accumulated in their by-products. Special attention is required for the safe disposal of by-products of incineration which is called municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash [6,7,8,9,10,11]
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