Electrohydraulic Shockwave for Treatment of Forelimb Superficial Digital Flexor Tendinitis and Proximal Suspensory Desmitis in Horses

Abstract

Superficial digital flexor tendinitis (SDFT) and proximal suspensory desmitis (PSD) are common causes of lameness in horses. Current treatment options include rest, controlled exercise, administration of anti-inflammatories, intralesional injections, surgery, and electrohydraulic shock wave therapy (ESWT). ESWT is safe, noninvasive, and is used to treat a variety of musculoskeletal abnormalities. Medical records between 2010 and 2021 were reviewed. Horses were separated into two categories: (group 1: ≥ 3 ESWT treatments; group 2: < 3 ESWT treatments). Our objective was to examine the effect of the number of ESWT treatments in the management of SDFT and PSD injuries and to compare short- and long-term outcomes for the two groups. For group 1, lameness scores between the first and third treatments were significantly reduced in both PSD (p<0.0001) and SDFT (p=0.016) horses. However, neither the PSD (p=0.062) nor SDFT's (p=0.125) ultrasound findings were significantly different at the end of the third treatment.Horses with PSD showed a significant improvement in forelimb lameness between the first and third treatments compared to hindlimb (p = 0.033). In the multivariable ordered logistic regression model, only time (months of follow-up) was significantly associated with a positive outcome (p=0.001) and there was no difference in short and long-term outcome between groups 1 and 2. Also, chronicity of injury was negatively associated with improvement of lameness (p=0.028).