Electroencephalography in acute stroke

Abstract

To determine the incidence of non-convulsive status epilepticus, epileptiform activity, rhythmic and periodic patterns in patients with acute stroke. An analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) in 86 stroke patients in the neurointensive care unit of the tertiary medical center was performed. Criteria for starting EEG recording were epileptic seizures or clinical suspicion of uncontrolled epileptic status. The ictal-interictal continuum biomarkers and the diagnostic value of EEG for prediction of survival and recovery were assessed. Pathological changes on EEG were recorded in 84% of patients. These patients showed the absence of the dominant occipital rhythm (66%) and hemispheric slowing (42%). Diffuse slowing below the theta range was observed in 41% of patients. EEG reactivity was absent in 20%. Sporadic epileptiform discharges were recorded in 36% of patients and rhythmic and periodic patterns in 26%. Reliable predictors of the unfavorable outcome were the absence of dominant occipital rhythm, lack of reactivity, and low amplitude of the background EEG. No association between the recording of epileptiform activity and the probability of death was shown. The most useful EEG biomarkers for predicting survival are amplitude, dominant frequency of background EEG activity and reactivity to external stimulus. Sporadic epileptiform discharges, rhythmic, and periodic patterns are not mandatory associated with a negative prognosis in stroke patients.