Abstract
Objectives: 1) To describe electroencephalogram (EEG) appearance in the awake dog and compare these results with EEG recordings after low dose medetomidine (2 μg/kg IV) followed by atipamezole (10 μg/kg, IM); 2) To institute EEG recordings after low dose medetomidine or dexmedetomidine as a standard of practice if focal abnormalities and amplitudes were not significantly altered by pharmaceuticals in Phase 1 of this study. Methods: Electroencephalograms were performed on eight clinical canine patients with suspected intracranial disease involving the prosencephalon. A five lead montage was used to record the EEGs. Each dog had an awake, baseline recording followed by an EEG performed after administration of low dose medetomidine (2 μg/kg IV) then atipamezole (10 μg/kg, IM). In the second phase of this study, the same dose of medetomidine or dexmedetomidine at 1 μg/kg IV and atipamezole (10 μg/kg, IM) were used in the evaluation of 20 clinical patients with suspected neurologic disease. Results: In Phase 1, awake recordings were laced with movement artifacts. After medetomidine and atipamezole, EEG waveforms were slower. Following atipamezole, however, the frequencies were observed to increase with time. Statistical evaluation revealed significantly more artifacts in baseline recordings. No statistically significant change was observed in focal abnormalities or amplitude. In Phase 2, the a2-adrenoreceptor agonists followed by atipamezole without the use of lidocaine produced clinically reliable results. Clinical Significance: Quality and diagnostic electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings are frequently inconvenient to obtain in the awake dog. Movement results in artifacts and dislodged leads. Administration of low dose medetomidine or dexmedetomidine followed by atipamezole reliably reduced the impact of movement artifacts and produced clinically valid EEG recordings in dogs.
Highlights
Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings in dogs are fre-quently performed without the administration of anesthetics or sedatives
The same was true initially following atipamezole administration (2C and 3C); the waveform frequencies were ob
This article describes the typical EEG procedure and suggests the use of low dose medetomidine followed by atipamezole in select cases where a quality EEG recording is difficult to obtain due to the behavior and/or movement of the animal
Summary
Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings in dogs are fre-quently performed without the administration of anesthetics or sedatives. Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings in dogs are fre-. Awake canine patients sometimes do not cooperate during all or parts of the EEG recording, resulting in numerous artifacts and dislodged leads, which interfere in obtaining high quality and diagnostic tracings. Anesthetic or sedative drugs are useful in reducing patient stress, pain and movement; to OPEN ACCESS OJVM. SHORES date, use of these drugs has interfered with EEG tracings and interpretation [1,2,3]. Medetomidine contains the dextro and levo components of the drug and is an α2-adrenoreceptor agonist with sedative and analgesic properties that are dose dependant in duration and depth. The dextro form is the active form. Dexmedetomidine contains only the dextro (active form) and is the currently marketed pharmaceutical for veterinary use. Medetomidine’s sedative activity is generally attributed to its stimulation of the α-2 adrenoceptors in the locus coeruleus, thereby inhibiting the ascending activation projection to the forebrain and reducing sensitivity to environmental stimuli [4]
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