Abstract
Since the days of the Roman gladiators, men have fought each other and other persons have watched. The sport of boxing, as it exists today, is largely the product of psychological forces that have not changed in essence for 2,000 years. It is the feeling of many persons that in spite of periodic criticism and the efforts to ban prize fighting, the sport will persist. Since it appears unlikely that athletic contests requiring physical contact will ever cease, the physician should attempt to safeguard the physical and mental health of the participants. Much has been accomplished to protect the athlete in such sports as football and ice hockey, but protective measures for the amateur and professional pugilist have not kept pace. Jokl1in his monograph (1941), which is concerned with the medical aspects of boxing, recognized and deplored this situation, and he collected a wide variety of case material
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