Abstract
In this paper, a novel Ti-doped hierarchically mesoporous silica microspheres/tungsten oxide (THMS/WO3) hybrid film was prepared by simultaneous electrodeposition of Ti-doped hierarchically mesoporous silica microspheres (THMSs) and WO3 nanocrystallines onto the fluoride doped tin dioxide (FTO) coated glass substrate. It is demonstrated that the incorporation of THMSs resulted in the hybrid film with improved electrochromic property. Besides, the content of THMSs plays an important role on the electrochromic property of the hybrid film. An excellent electrochromic THMS/WO3 hybrid film with good optical modulation (52.00% at 700 nm), high coloration efficiency (88.84 cm2 C−1 at 700 nm), and superior cycling stability can be prepared by keeping the weight ratio of Na2WO4·2H2O (precursor of WO3):THMSs at 15:1. The outstanding electrochromic performances of the THMS/WO3 hybrid film were mainly attributed to the porous structure, which facilitates the charge-transfer, promotes the electrolyte infiltration and alleviates the expansion of the film during Li+ insertion. This kind of porous THMS/WO3 hybrid film is promising for a wide range of applications in smart homes, green buildings, airplanes, and automobiles.
Highlights
Electrochromic materials that can reversibly change their optical properties such as transmittance [1], reflectance [2] and absorption [3] at the stimulation of a small electric field, have received significant interests owing to their potential applications in energy-saving smart windows [4,5,6], non-emissive information displays [7,8] and antiglare automotive mirrors [9]
More et al [27] have reported the preparation of WO3 electrochromic films by electrodeposition and the resultant WO3 film exhibited amorphous nature, closed packed nano-granular morphology, good coloration efficiency and visible high transmittance
Significant efforts have been made to synthesis of porous WO3 electrochromic films to enhance its electrochromic performance
Summary
Electrochromic materials that can reversibly change their optical properties such as transmittance [1], reflectance [2] and absorption [3] at the stimulation of a small electric field, have received significant interests owing to their potential applications in energy-saving smart windows [4,5,6], non-emissive information displays [7,8] and antiglare automotive mirrors [9]. More et al [27] have reported the preparation of WO3 electrochromic films by electrodeposition and the resultant WO3 film exhibited amorphous nature, closed packed nano-granular morphology, good coloration efficiency and visible high transmittance. Unsatisfactory optical modulation [28], long switching time [29] and short life time limit [30] its electrochromic effectiveness To overcome these obstacles, significant efforts have been made to synthesis of porous WO3 electrochromic films to enhance its electrochromic performance. Compared with the template method, simultaneous electrodeposition of WO3 and other nanomaterials for fabrication of composite WO3 film is more convenient and efficient in creation of a porous structure in WO3 film [33,34,35]. Nanomaterials 2019, 9, 1795 of transmittance modulation range, switching time, coloration efficiency and cycling stability of THMS/WO3 hybrid film was systematically evaluated
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