Abstract
Electrodeposition of Ni-Co-Fe-Zn alloys was done in a chloride ion solution with the presence and absence of a Permanent Parallel Magnetic Field (PPMF). The PPMF was applied parallel to the cathode surface. The deposition profile was monitored chronoamperometrically. It was found that the electrodeposition current was enhanced in the presence of PPMF (9 T) compared to without PPMF. The percentage of current enhancement (Γ%) was increased in the presence of PPMF, with results of Γ% = 11.9%, 16.7% and 18.5% at -1.1, -1.2 and -1.3 V respectively for a 2400 sec duration. In chronoamperometry, the Composition Reference Line (CRL) for Ni was around 57%, although the nobler metals (i.e. Ni, Co) showed anomalous behaviour in the presence of Zn and Fe. The anomalous behaviour of the Ni-Co-Fe-Zn electrodeposition was shown by the Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) results. From Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) measurements, it was found that the surface roughness of the Ni-Co-Fe-Zn alloy films decreased in the presence of a PPMF.
Highlights
Alloy electrodeposition of two or more metals has been investigated to examine properties such as grain size, hardness, and corrosion resistance in relation to the parent metals
The influence of a magnetic field applied parallel to the cathode surface is shown in Fig. 2A - 2H
At the applied voltage of -1.30 V, the roughness factor was reduced from 112 nm (7B; without Permanent Parallel Magnetic Field (PPMF)) to 39 nm (7D; with PPMF)
Summary
Alloy electrodeposition of two or more metals has been investigated to examine properties such as grain size, hardness, and corrosion resistance in relation to the parent metals. When a Permanent Parallel Magnetic Field (PPMF) is applied parallel to the cathode surfa ce, additional forces such as the Paramagnetic Fo rce ( FP ), Field Gradient Fo rce ( FB ), Lorentz Force ( FL ), Electro kinetic Force ( FE ) and the Magnetic Damping Force ( FM ) increase of rate of transport of ions to the electrode surface, increasing the mass transport current of the electrode reaction. This effect is known as the MagnetoHydrodynamic (MHD) which is largely the result of the Lorentz force [17]. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEMFEI Quanta 200F) was used to capture images of the surface morphology of the electrodeposited samples and it included the Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) analysis using Energy Dispersive System INCA energy 400
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