Abstract
We describe a facile, low-cost, and green method to fabricate porous graphene networks/nickel foam (PG/NF) electrodes by electrochemical deposition of graphene sheets on nickel foams (NFs) for the application of supercapacitor electrodes. The electrodeposition process was accomplished by electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) in its aqueous suspension. The resultant binder-free PG/NF electrodes exhibited excellent double-layer capacitive performance with a high rate capability and a high specific capacitance of 183.2 mF cm-2 at the current density of 1 mA cm-2. Moreover, the specific capacitance maintains nearly 100% over 10,000 charge-discharge cycles, demonstrating a remarkable cyclic stability of these porous supercapacitor electrodes.PACS82.47.Uv (Electrochemical capacitors); 82.45.Fk (Electrodes electrochemistry); 81.05.Rm (Fabrication of porous materials)Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1556-276X-9-672) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Supercapacitors have attracted tremendous attention due to their novel characteristics, including rapid chargingdischarging rate, high power density, long cycle life, and high dynamic of charge propagation [1,2,3,4]
The fabrication process of PG/nickel foam (NF) electrodes was accomplished by electrochemical route without involvement of high temperature, toxic reactants and additional transfer process, representing a quick, green, low-cost, and controllable approach to fabricating graphene-based supercapacitor electrodes
The Raman spectra of graphene oxide (GO) and porous graphene networks/nickel foam (PG/NF) (Figure 1B) show two strong G and D bands, which could be attributed to carbon sp2 domains and structural defects, respectively [31]
Summary
Supercapacitors have attracted tremendous attention due to their novel characteristics, including rapid chargingdischarging rate, high power density, long cycle life, and high dynamic of charge propagation [1,2,3,4]. One type is called electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) which store energy with the pure electrostatic charge adsorbed at the electrode-electrolyte interface. The second type is the pseudocapacitors that store energy through fast and reversible Faradic surface or near-surface redox reactions. EDLCs usually have higher rate performance, better cycling stability, and longer lifetime [7]. Carbon materials including active carbon, carbon nanotubes, xerogel, mesoporous carbon, and carbide-derived carbon have been developed as electrodes in EDLCs [5,8,9,10,11,12,13]
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