Electrodeposition of nickel nanoparticles on graphene/iron (III) phthalocyanine-4,4’,4,”,4’”-tetrasulfonic acid coated electrode for glucose sensing

Abstract

Glucose is vital to the body and a significant source of energy for both human activity and all bodily cells. In order to diagnose, monitor, and treat diabetes, we make use of the blood glucose index to measure the blood glucose concentration. Herein, we present the development of an electrochemical sensor for the detection of glucose levels utilizing graphene incorporated with an iron (III) phthalocyanine-4,4’,4,”,4”’-tetrasulfonic acid and nickel nanoparticles (Gr/FePc/Ni) nanocomposite material. For this purpose, the screen-printed carbon electrode (SPE) was coated with graphene/FePc film, which was later dipped into 10 mM nickel acetate solution. In this step, nickel ions were adsorbed on to graphene/FePc film modified SPE which was later reduced to Ni nanoparticles by electrochemical reduction process. Next, as-prepared Gr/FePc/Ni film was characterized by FE-SEM, FT-IR, EDS and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Gr/FePc/Ni composite-modified screen-printed electrode (Gr/FePc/Ni/SPE) had demonstrated remarkable electrocatalytic activity and sensitivity towards glucose in 0.1 M KOH by CV and amperometry methods. The observed high electrocatalytic activity of Gr/FePc/Ni/SPE was credited to the synergistic effect between the anchored nickel nanoparticles (NPs) and the Gr/FePc film. Moreover, Gr/FePc/Ni/SPE was used to detect glucose from 5 µM to 930 µM by amperometry (i-t) and the lowest limit of detection (LOD) was 0.227 μM. Finally, Gr/FePc/Ni modified sensor was applied to detect glucose in the human blood samples with the acceptable the recovery rate from ∼ 99.48 to 99.94 %.