Abstract
ABSTRACT A new ethylene glycol electrolyte for nickel-tin coatings electrodeposition based on Ni(II) and Sn(II) chlorides and citric acid has been developed. It ensures the formation of coatings with high (about 40 wt%) nickel content, which include Ni3Sn2 and Ni3Sn4 phases. The electrolyte is stable during operation and storage, and provides growth of coatings at a rate of 9–18 μm h–1 and current efficiency of 89–94%. Citric acid stabilises the electrolyte by inhibiting the oxidation of Sn(II) during storage; in addition, it increases current efficiency, slowing down the reduction of hydrogen. According to voltammetry data the joint reduction of Sn(II) and Ni(II) from citrate-glycol electrolyte occurs with the effect of depolarisation due to the formation of intermetallics.
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