Abstract
Nanocrystalline Ni-Co alloy deposits with grain sizes less than 30 nm were produced by electrodeposition with a direct current in a sulfamate bath. Surfaces of the Ni-Co alloy deposits showed granular morphology. The size of the granular particles and the Co content decreased when a lower current density was applied. Addition of NiBr2 and a surface brightener (NSF-E) into the bath resulted in the grain refinement effect and an increase of Co content in the deposit. The grain size reached roughly 14 nm and 60 at.% of Co content in Ni-Co alloys electrodeposited with the bath containing the two additives. Ni-Co alloys obtained in this study showed higher microhardnesses than those of pure Ni and Co deposits prepared under the same condition, which revealed the solid solution strengthening effect. With a decrease in the grain size, the microhardness further increased, and this trend followed the Hall–Petch relationship well. The maximum microhardness value of 862.2 Hv was obtained owing to both the grain boundary and solid solution strengthening effects.
Highlights
On the other hand, in design of a structural component toward electronic devices, mechanical property information of the material is important since the reliability and structure stability of the component are highly dependent on the mechanical properties
There is a limit for grain boundary strengthening, and further grain refinement would lead to a decrease in the mechanical strength after reaching a critical grain size, which is known as the inverse Hall–Petch relationship
The solid solution strengthening mechanism observed in nanocrystalline alloys is expected to be the same as that in a coarse-grain alloy, and the strengthening effect is known to be mostly depended on the composition in a binary alloy system
Summary
In design of a structural component toward electronic devices, mechanical property information of the material is important since the reliability and structure stability of the component are highly dependent on the mechanical properties. Complex three-dimensional micro-scale components, and the excellent electrical, magnetic, and mechanical properties of Ni-Co alloys [4]. The microhardness is dependent on the average grain size according to the Hall–Petch relationship [6,7,8]: HV = HV,0 + kd−1/2 (1)
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