Abstract
Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are used as a component of a plating solution of CuSO4 for direct current electrodeposition of Cu–SWCNT composites with varying nanotube proportions without the use of either a surfactant, a dispersing agent, or functionalization of the SWCNTs. The Cu–SWCNT composites are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The composites are comprised of metallic Cu and SWCNTs with minor oxide impurities, as well as the residual (Fe) catalyst from the unpurified SWCNTs, in addition to displaying nanotube-mediated morphological differences. EDX analysis of carbon (wt%) is close to quantitative with respect to the wt% of SWCNTs added to the electrolysis solution. The presence of SWCNTs decreases the oxidation of the copper, as well as changing the identity of the oxide from CuO, for electrolysis of Cu, to Cu2O. Hard adherent Cu–SWCNT coatings are prepared by the addition of Cu powder to the electrolysis solution. The approach described in this paper will enable controlled synthesis of metal-nanomaterial composites that can potentially be processed further into high ampacity electrical conductors.
Highlights
The potential of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), especially single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), for high-ampacity, low weight, electrically conducting cables, as a replacement to traditional copper wires, has garnered significant research attention [1]
Based upon our previous work it is likely that a fraction of the copper ions from the bath were complexed to the SWCNT [9,19], forming nuclei for growth of electroplated copper grains among the bundles [23]
SWCNTs, and and was used to generate both soft deposits containing controllable amounts of SWCNTs, and hard/adherent coatings of Cu–SWCNTs composites on copper wire cathodes
Summary
The potential of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), especially single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), for high-ampacity, low weight, electrically conducting cables, as a replacement to traditional copper wires, has garnered significant research attention [1]. One stopgap solution involves the admixing of small amounts of CNTs to enhance the electrical properties of copper [2,3,4,5]. The fabrication of such Cu–CNT composite material, termed “ultra-conductive copper”, can be achieved by a variety of different methods, including electrolytic co-deposition [6,7], electroless plating [8,9], and powder metallurgy [10]. Routes to prepare precursor composites with a controlled Cu–CNT composition could provide potential precursors to extruded wires
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