Electrodeposited histidine-(CuCr)layered double hydroxides/carbon dots for in-tube solid-phase microextraction of chlorophenols from water, juice, and honey samples followed by HPLC-UV

Abstract

A novel adsorbent consisting of a composition of carbon dots and CuCr-layered double hydroxides intercalated with l-histidine (C-dots@His/LDHs) was introduced. This adsorbent was electrochemically deposited on the inner surface of a capillary copper tube. It was used as an adsorbent for in-tube solid-phase microextraction of chlorophenols (CPs). Separation and measurement of CPs were done by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector. The main parameters which had the most impact on the extraction efficiency and time such as extraction time and flow rate, desorption time and flow rate, ionic strength (salt concentration) and pH were optimized. Calibration curves (0.5–1000 μg L−1) were plotted in real sample (tap water) under optimal conditions which coefficients of determination better than 0.9893 and relative recoveries in the range of 88–120 % were obtained. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) and limits of quantification (S/N = 10) were obtained in the range of 0.1–1.0 μg L−1 and 0.3–3.0 μg L−1, respectively. The intra- and inter-assay precisions (RSD%, n = 3) were better than 5.9 and 8.8 %, respectively.