Electrode materials and reaction mechanisms in solid oxide fuel cells: a brief review

Abstract

This work is focused on the comparative analysis of electrochemical and transport properties in the major families of cathode and anode compositions for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and materials science-related factors affecting electrode performance. The first part presents a brief overview of the electrochemical and chemical reactions in SOFCs, specific rate-determining steps of the electrode processes, solid oxide electrolyte ceramics, and effects of partial oxygen ionic and electronic conductivities in the SOFC components. The aspects associated with materials compatibility, thermal expansion, stability, and electrocatalytic behavior are also briefly discussed. Primary attention is centered on the experimental data and approaches reported during the last 10–15 years, reflecting the main challenges in the field of materials development for the ceramic fuel cells.