Abstract

Fuel cells as direct energy converters and their economic applications in a future hydrogen economy are discussed briefly. Emphasis is put on the merits of a new way to construct and mass-produce alkaline fuel cells, eliminating the traditionally used expensive metal screens and porous nickel plaques and replacing them with plastic-bonded conductive materials for structures and porous carbons for electrodes. Carbon electrodes have been used successfully in many types of fuel cell systems. Multi-layered thin carbon electrodes of high power output and long life can be produced by pressing, rolling and spraying methods. Acetylene black, furnace blacks and graphites are used as carbon materials, mixed with PTFE and filler materials and evaluated in electrodes which are tested in laboratory cells, before they are built into stacks. Compositions of the different mixtures for the fabrication of the electrodes are given and the advantage of the bipolar cell design from the construction and operating points of view is discussed.

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