Abstract
Ti-doped WO3 films were prepared by the mid-frequency dual-targetmagnetron sputtering method. The structure and electrochromicproperties of the Ti-doped WO3 films were analysed by X-Raydiffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, spectrophotometer, cyclicchronoamperometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The resultsindicate that the crystallinity decrease after the doping oftitanium, the channels for ion injection and extraction increase,the responding speed with 5.1% titanium doped becomes faster, andits circle life increases more than four times compared with theundoped WO3 film. In the coloured state, the W-O-W bondsdecrease, but the W = O bonds increase. Since the W-O-W bonds breakdown for Li+ ions' injection and more W = O bonds form, it ismore convenient to inject Li+ ions into the Ti-doped film thanundoped film because more W-O-W bonds break down in the colouredstate.
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