Abstract
Redox flow batteries are a promising candidate for grid energy storage due favorable scaling and cyclability but are limited by low energy density due to poor solubility of active species in both aqueous and organic solvent. To increase the energy density we investigate the use of a solvent free liquid quinone electrolyte, resulting in high active species concentration (>10M). Well studied in aqueous and organic solvents, the electroreduction of quinones has been shown to strongly depend on the solvent [1] and supporting electrolyte [2]. The absence of inert solvent poses additional challenges due to mass transport and reaction effects in highly concentrated solutions [3]. Here we characterize the physical and electrochemical properties of 2,3,5-trimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, ranging in concentration from a dilute solution in inert organic solvent to a highly concentrated solvent-free liquid quinone. Using ultramicroelectrode techniques, diffusion and redox kinetics are determined for solvated and solvent free liquid quinones to investigate the feasibility of this material for use as a solvent free redox flow battery electrolyte.
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