Abstract
Polyaniline (PANI) layers are electrochemically obtained in the presence of four polysulfonic acids with different rigidities of the polymer backbone-iso-(and tere-)poly-(4,4′-(2,2′-disulfonic acid)-diphenylene-iso(tere)-phthalamide (i-PASA and t-PASA), polystyrenesulfonic acid (PSSA) and poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPSA). Combined microgravimetric (EQCM) and electrochemical measurements are carried out in the course of polymerization and repetitive redox switching. It is found that after synthesis PASA-doped PANIs shows good stability with low exchange of mass in the course of voltammetric scans, while PAMPSA-doped PANI contains a large amount of water that gradually becomes expelled in the repetitive redox switching. PANI obtained in the presence of PSSA takes an intermediate position with respect to mass exchanged in the electrochemical redox process. XPS studies are used to obtain data for the extent of doping of the different PANI materials. The results show high doping level (about 0.5) for PASA- and PAMPSA- and lower level (0.32) for PSSA-doped PANI layers. Repeated electrochemical studies carried out with the specimens investigated by XPS after long-term storage in the dry state give evidence for structural rearrangement, perfect recuperation of the initial electrochemical activity and high stability of the electrochemical response.
Highlights
Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the most studied conducting polymer materials that provokes continuous interest due to multiple emerging applications [1,2,3]
Apart from simple inorganic anions, several sulfonic acids such as camphorsulfonic, dodecylbenzene sulfonic, acrylamidomethylpropane sulfonic or p-toluene sulfonic were explored with respect to the influence on PANI properties [4,5,6,7,8,9]
Electrochemical and/or chemical synthesis of PANI was studied in the presence of polysulfonic acids, e.g., polystyrenesulfonic (PSSA) or poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic) (PAMPSA) [10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18]
Summary
Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the most studied conducting polymer materials that provokes continuous interest due to multiple emerging applications [1,2,3]. PANI can be obtained in chemical or electrochemical ways and several synthetic conditions can influence markedly its properties. Electrochemical and/or chemical synthesis of PANI was studied in the presence of polysulfonic acids, e.g., polystyrenesulfonic (PSSA) or poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic) (PAMPSA) [10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18]. In the recent years a series of papers [19,20,21,22,23,24,25] was devoted to the properties of PANI obtained in the presence of two poly(amidosulfonic acids) that are identical in their chemical composition but differ in the rigidity of their backbone-poly-(4,40 -(2,20 -disulfonic acid)-diphenylene-tere-phthalamide) (t-PASA, rigid backbone)
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