Abstract
The use of nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles and nanotubes, for electrochemical detection of metal species has been investigated as a way of modifying electrodes by electrochemical stripping analysis. The present study develops a new methodology based on a comparative study of nanoparticles and nanotubes with differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) and examines the simultaneous determination of copper and lead. The glassy carbon electrode modified by gold nanoparticles demonstrated increased sensitivity and decreased detection limits, among other improvements in analytical performance data. Under optimized conditions (deposition potential −0.8 V versus Ag/AgCl; deposition time, 300 s; resting time, 10 s; pulse amplitude, 50 mV; and voltage step height, 4 mV), the detection limits were 0.2279 and 0.3321 ppb, respectively, for determination of Pb2+ and Cu2+. The effects of cations and anions on the simultaneous determination of metal ions do not exhibit significant interference, thereby demonstrating the selectivity of the electrode for simultaneous determination of Pb2+ and Cu2+. The same method was also used to determine Cu2+ in water samples.
Highlights
Metal pollution has become a serious threat to living organisms
The present study used the differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) technique combined with chemically modified electrodes (CMEs) for the determination of Cu2+ and Pb2+ in aqueous solution
According to the electrochemical study to identify the best nanomaterial for determination of Cu2+ and Pb2+ metal ions, the glassy carbon (GC)/NTC/nanoAu-SiO2 electrode performed well and exhibited good electroactivity, according to morphological analysis of the electrode surface using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM), in such a way that this electrode was used for simultaneous determination of the species under study
Summary
Metal pollution has become a serious threat to living organisms. Cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc are examples of metal species that play an important role in living organisms. The extremely high surface-to-volume ratios associated with these nanostructures make the electrical properties extremely sensitive to species adsorbed on surfaces, leading to an increased mass-transport rate and fast electron transfer, providing excellent sensitivity and selectivity [1, 11, 12, 14] Since their discovery in 1991, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a fascinating new member of the carbon family, have attracted considerable attention, especially for use as an electrode component, owing to their excellent properties, such as increased electrode surface area, fast electron transfer rate, significant mechanical strength, and good chemical stability. Use of nanomaterials for the detection of heavy metals by ASV has been attracting much attention, owing to their high adsorption capacity and sensitivity and the application of electrodes for simultaneous determination of Cu(II) and other metals ions such as Cd(II) and Pb(II) has been investigated. The present study used the differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) technique combined with CMEs for the determination of Cu2+ and Pb2+ in aqueous solution
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