Abstract
The electrochemical behaviour of steel, copper, and titanium current collectors was studied in aqueous solutions of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) at various concentrations, from 0.5 up to 20 m. As the concentration of the electrolyte increases, the electrochemical window of water stability widens according to the “water-in-salt” concept. The metal grids have been studied electrochemically, both under anodic and cathodic conditions, by means of cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Subsequently, a microscopic analysis with SEM and compositional analysis with XPS was carried out to evaluate the surface modifications following electrochemical stress. We found that copper is not very suitable for this kind of application, while titanium and steel showed interesting behaviour and large electrochemical window.
Highlights
Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are nowadays one of the most important energy storage devices and are currently dominating the consumer electronic market
The limits of electrochemical stability of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) solutions at increasing concentration were evaluated with different metals in order to evaluate their possible use as an anode or as a cathode current collector in aqueous lithium-ion cell
The anodic onset does not differ much between the three solutions with lower concentration (≈ 4.25 V) but it increases by 10 mV in the case of the 20 m solution
Summary
Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are nowadays one of the most important energy storage devices and are currently dominating the consumer electronic market. The presence of this layer extends the electrochemical stability window of the electrolyte at the negative electrode, even with very reducing anode materials, such as metallic Li and lithiated graphite. The first lab-scale batteries utilizing highly concentrated LiTFSI salt in water as the electrolyte were fabricated with stainless-steel current collectors.
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