Abstract
In recent years, the increasing incidence and mortality of cancer have inspired the development of accurate and rapid early diagnosis methods in order to successfully cure cancer; however, conventional methods used for detecting tumor cells, including histopathological and immunological methods, often involve complex operation processes, high analytical costs, and high false positive rates, in addition to requiring experienced personnel. With the rapid emergence of sensing techniques, electrochemical cytosensors have attracted wide attention in the field of tumor cell detection because of their advantages, such as their high sensitivity, simple equipment, and low cost. These cytosensors are not only able to differentiate tumor cells from normal cells, but can also allow targeted protein detection of tumor cells. In this review, the research achievements of various electrochemical cytosensors for tumor cell detection reported in the past five years are reviewed, including the structures, detection ranges, and detection limits of the cytosensors. Certain trends and prospects related to the electrochemical cytosensors are also discussed.
Highlights
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Abstract: In recent years, the increasing incidence and mortality of cancer have inspired the development of accurate and rapid early diagnosis methods in order to successfully cure cancer; conventional methods used for detecting tumor cells, including histopathological and immunological methods, often involve complex operation processes, high analytical costs, and high false positive rates, in addition to requiring experienced personnel
The methods used for early diagnosis and prognosis of tumors involving Western blotting, enzymelinked immunosorbent assays, and flow cytometry all face technical barriers due to their limited sample sizes, low sensitivity, or the need for specialized high-end equipment [2]; electrochemical biosensors are a new direction for researchers in the detection of tumor cells
Electrochemical biosensors have the advantages of excellent specificity, high sensitivity, simple equipment, and low cost, having attracted extensive attention in various fields, including for tumor diagnosis and treatment
Summary
As some of the most threatening diseases in the world, different kinds of cancers display high morbidity and mortality rates (Figure 1) [1]. An electrochemical biosensor is a device that converts an interaction signal between a biometric element and a recognition target into a detectable electrical signal [3]. Target cells are converted into electrical signals, elements (antibodies, aptamers, lectins, etc.) and target cells are converted into electrical which are converted into usable information through a transducer and signal processor [10]. Electrochemical cell sensors used for detection of markers on tumor cells usually use the processor [10]. We reviewed some of the sensors used to detect the markers on tumor cells over the last five years. Electrochemical cell sensors used to detect the markers on tumor cells over the last five years
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