Electrochemical sensor for sensitive detection of an anticancer drug Capecitabine by modified carbon paste electrode with tetrahydrodipyrazolo pyridine derivative and Cu-MCM-41 nanoparticles

Abstract

In this work, the electrochemical performance of the modified carbon paste electrode with tetrahydrodipyrazolo pyridine derivative as an organic modifier, and Cu-MCM-41 nanoparticles have been investigated to determine Capecitabine (CAP), an anticancer drug. CAP has been used for treating some cancers such as rectal, stomach, breast, pancreatic, and colon cancer. It works by inhibiting cancer cells growth. Herein, an organic modifier was prepared using a green biocatalyst in a biomimetic synthesis, a simple method was used for synthesis of Cu-MCM-41 nanoparticles. The electrochemical parameters such as the transfer coefficient and the number of electrons and protons involved in the redox reaction of the modifier were calculated using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Also, an electrocatalytic reaction was observed for CAP oxidation on the modified electrode surface as a result of a reduction in the CAP species oxidation overvoltage. To measure the CAP species by the modified electrode, some optimizations were performed. The Tafel curve was used to determine the transfer coefficient between the CAP and modifier, which was determined as 0.9. The chronoamperometric experiment was also investigated to obtain the numerical value of the CAP diffusion coefficient (D = 7.67 × 10–6 cm2 s−1). The calibration curve was drawn by the differential pulse voltammetry technique (DPV), and linear ranges of 2.0–80.0 µM and 80.0–800.0 µM, and the detection limit (LOD = 0.144 µM) were obtained. To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed sensor for CAP determination, measurement was done on a real blood serum sample. The proposed sensor displayed good selectivity, repeatability, and stability.