Abstract
A 3D porous graphene structure was directly induced by CO2 laser from the surface of Kapton tape (carbon source) supported by polyethylene terephthalate (PET) laminating film. A highly flexible laser-induced porous graphene (LI-PGr) electrode was then fabricated via a facile one-step method without reagent and solvent in a procedure that required no stencil mask. The method makes pattern design easy, and production cost-effective and scalable. We investigated the performance of the LI-PGr electrode for the detection of methamphetamine (MA) on household surfaces and in biological fluids. The material properties and morphology of LI-PGr were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) and Raman spectroscopy. The LI-PGr electrode was used as the detector in a portable electrochemical sensor, which exhibited a linear range from 1.00 to 30.0 µg mL−1 and a detection limit of 0.31 µg mL−1. Reproducibility was good (relative standard deviation of 2.50% at 10.0 µg mL−1; n = 10) and anti-interference was excellent. The sensor showed good precision and successfully determined MA on household surfaces and in saliva samples.
Highlights
IntroductionDespite the sensitivity and selectivity of these techniques, they may not be suitable for individual or on-site application due to the size and weight of the equipment, the need for skilled operators, and the high cost
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Illegal drug use remains a global problem that threatens social stability, human health, and family harmony
We present a simple, fast, inexpensive, and re-agentless strategy for the fabrication of a flexible, laser-induced porous graphene electrode (LI-PGr) using CO2 laser scribing on a PI precursor of Kapton tape reinforced with a thermal laminating polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film substrate
Summary
Despite the sensitivity and selectivity of these techniques, they may not be suitable for individual or on-site application due to the size and weight of the equipment, the need for skilled operators, and the high cost In this context, electrochemical methods have great potential to meet this demand. The C-O, C=O, and N-C bonds in polyimide can be broken, recombined, and released as gases to produce a porous graphene nanostructure with pentagonal, heptagonal, and hexagonal lattice structures [33,34] This fabrication technique has attracted considerable attention since it can produce graphitic structures from a variety of precursors without the usual high cost, flexible patterns, and chemicals [35,36,37]. The LI-PGr coupled with the developed portable electrochemical sensor was applied to investigate MA in saliva samples, as well as on nearby surfaces by means of surface recovery testing
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