Abstract
Ubiquitous estradiol benzoate (17β-estradiol-3-benzoate) in the environment and daily life has become a hot issue in society since it has been proven to be closely associated with metastatic tumour formation.
Highlights
As an important Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), estrogens share the characteristics of EDCs, such as they may interact with the endocrine system of organisms and cause non-negligible adverse effects on the reproduction of wildlife and humans.[3,4,5]
As an analogue of EDC, E2B binds with estrogen receptors (ERs) which are expressed in human cells such as breast, bone and prostate, leading to relevant metastatic tumour formation.[8,9]
As early as 1988, the use of this kind of xenobiotic agent for improving the growth and feed conversion rates of food-producing animals has been banned in the European Union (EU) and no residues of these anabolic substances should be present in animal products.[7]
Summary
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) including estrogens, triazine, phthalates, etc. have gained global attention because of their well-known serious adverse effects.[1,2] As an important EDC, estrogens share the characteristics of EDCs, such as they may interact with the endocrine system of organisms and cause non-negligible adverse effects on the reproduction of wildlife and humans.[3,4,5] One such example of an EDC is 17b-estradiol-3benzoate (E2B) which is a ubiquitous environmental agent. It is likely that the variation of these lattice parameters will impact the sensing capability of the HAp material towards E2B; a suitable crystalline lattice will potentially favour electron transfer and provide a useful electrochemical surface.
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