Electrochemical sensing of aclidinium bromide with metal ion-assisted molecularly imprinted films

Abstract

This study explains the fabrication of the highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based on a metal ion-assisted molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for the determination of aclidinium bromide (ACL) for the first time. ACL is a relatively new drug in the group of long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonists and has an important place in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment. In this work, the MIP-based electrochemical sensor was designed by photopolymerization on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface. The characterization of the electrode performance was evaluated with electrochemical analyses (cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy). In contrast, chemical and morphological analyses were studied by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was successfully applied for ACL determination in standard solution, serum sample, and capsule dosage form with high sensitivity and accuracy using differential pulse voltammetry method meanwhile utilizing the 5 mM solution of [Fe(CN)6]3−/4– as the redox probe. The LOD values for the standard solution and serum sample were found as 2.73 × 10−16 M and 1.76 × 10−16 M, respectively, in the linear range of 1 × 10−15 M and 1 × 10−14 M. Additionally, interference studies and imprinting factor calculations were performed with common interfering agents and using oxitropium bromide, ipratropium bromide, glycopyrronium bromide, and tiotropium bromide to demonstrate the selectivity of the sensor. Finally, the non-imprinted polymer (NIP)-based sensor confirmed the performance of the MIP sensor. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first one that reports the electrochemical determination of ACL.