Abstract
In this paper, rutile TiO2 nanorod arrays are fabricated by a template-free method and proposed as a promising anode for aqueous Li-ion battery. The as-prepared TiO2 nanorod arrays exhibited reversible Li-ion insertion/extraction ability in aqueous LiOH electrolyte. Moreover, galvanostatic charge/discharge test results demonstrated that the reversible capacity of TiO2 nanorods could reach about 39.7 mC cm−2, and 93.8 % of initial capacity was maintained after 600 cycles at a current density of 1 mA cm−2 (=240 C rate), indicating excellent cycling stability and rate capability.
Highlights
The continuously increasing demand for electronic devices, the large-scale energy storage system (ESS) and electric vehicles (EVs), has forced researchers to investigate new classes of materials for replacement of the conventional Li-ion batteries (LIBs) and Ni-MH batteries [1]
These results are consistent with the morphology of rutile nanorod arrays reported recently [16] and indicate that the Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorod arrays have been successfully grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate
Rutile TiO2 nanorod array growing on FTO substrate was obtained successfully
Summary
The continuously increasing demand for electronic devices, the large-scale energy storage system (ESS) and electric vehicles (EVs), has forced researchers to investigate new classes of materials for replacement of the conventional Li-ion batteries (LIBs) and Ni-MH batteries [1]. In the mid of 1990s, a new type of Li-ion battery with aqueous electrolyte proposed by L. Wu et al has intrigued many researchers due to its inherent safety, low-cost, and similar system as LIBs [2]. Compared with non-aqueous LIBs, the safety problem of aqueous Li-ion batteries (ALIBs) is fundamentally resolved, the ion conductivity of the electrolyte is enhanced by several magnitudes, and the rigorous assembly conditions are avoided, so the cost is greatly reduced [3, 4]. ALIBs exhibited a poor cycling performance because of the complicated Li insertion/extraction process in aqueous solution, which would aggravate the dissolution of active materials and deterioration of crystal structure [3, 4]. The decomposition of water accelerates the fading of capacity and limits the working voltage of ALIBs
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