Electrochemical Properties of Pt Epitaxial Layers Formed on Pd(111) in Ultra-High Vacuum

Abstract

Electrocatalytic properties for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of Pt(111) epitaxial layers on a Pd(111) substrate are investigated. Scanning tunneling microscopy images of the as-prepared 0.6-nm- and 1.2-nm-thick Pt(111) epitaxial layers on Pd(111) (Pt0.6nm/Pd(111) and Pt1.2nm/Pd(111)) revealed that the topmost surface has atomically flat, 50–100-nm-wide terraces. Remarkable current features due to hydrogen storage and emission by the Pd(111) substrate dominated the cyclic voltammograms of Pt0.6nm/Pd(111) in the potential range of 0.15–0.4 V vs. a reversible hydrogen electrode. In contrast, the curve of Pt1.2nm/Pd(111) exhibited a shrinkage in the hydrogen charges (QH) in the potential range of 0.25–0.4 V, accompanied by the emergence of symmetrical redox features at 15 mV on the positive potential side, relative to Pt(111) “butterfly” feature. Both Pt0.6nm/Pd(111) and Pt1.2nm/Pd(111) showed ca. four times higher ORR activity than clean Pt(111), although their hydrogen-related behaviors and activity changes during applying potential cycles were much different. The results suggest that shrinkage in QH and positive shift in the onset potential of hydroxyl species are common features of the CV of highly ORR-active well-defined Pt–M(111) bimetallic surfaces and that the activity enhancements and the structural stabilities fairly depend on the surface structure of the epitaxial Pt(111) lattice.