Abstract
The present study describes the electrochemical biosensing technique for detection of urea in milk samples. The glassy carbon electrode was electrochemically modified with Fe3O4/MWCNT/PANI-Nafion nanocomposite film. Purified bacterial urease enzyme was immobilized on to the nanocomposite film modified electrode with the help of glutaraldehyde as a cross linker. The characterization of enzyme modified electrode was done by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. Various electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and chronoamperometry (CA) have been studied against the known concentrations of urea in buffer medium. A good linear range 1.0–25.0 mM with detection limit 67 µM was achieved for urea concentration. The developed biosensor showed rapid response and good storage stability of 60 days. The developed method was able to detect urea in milk and the results were validated with the standard addition method.
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