Abstract
A systematic investigation of the preparation, characterization, and use of lithium phthalocyanine (LiPc) microcrystalline powder as a probe for electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry applications has recently been initiated (Ilangovan et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 4047−4059). Electrochemical preparation of LiPc under potentiostatic conditions (+0.4 V) yielded microcrystalline paramagnetic particles that showed extremely narrow (<10 mG) and oxygen-dependent EPR line width measured at 9.82 GHz (Ilangovan et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 9404−9410). In this report, we demonstrate the application of this material to measure oxygen concentration in a biochemical (xanthine/xanthine oxidase, X/XO), cellular (human polymorphonuclear neutrophils, PMNs), and in vivo (mice) biological systems. The microcrystalline particles showed high oxygen-sensitivity and stability in aqueous and physiological environments. The particles implanted in the gastrocnemius muscle of living mice were found to be stable ...
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