Abstract
Different zinc foils as anode current collectors by electrowinning in various electrolytes with additives were prepared, which were evaluated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), float charge, and Tafel curve tests. The effect of different cathode current collectors, electrolytes, and the as-prepared zinc foils as the anode on the coulombic efficiency and the cycling performance of aqueous batteries were investigated. The results indicate that the initial coulombic efficiency and discharge capacity of the battery with 1 mol/L ZnSO4 and 2 mol/L Li2SO4 are 94.31% and 105.7 mAh/g using graphite as the current collector, which are much higher than 68.20% and 71.0 mAh/g using conductive polyethylene, respectively, attributed to the smaller polarization and electrochemical transfer impedance (Rct) of the former. However, the capacity retention of the latter is much higher than that of the former, especially using the high-concentration-lithium-based hybrid electrolyte, of which it is up to 74.63% even after 500 cycles. Moreover, the cycling performance of a battery with as-prepared zinc foil adding thiourea and gelatin into electrolyte during electrowinning is much better than that without additives, which is due to the smaller corrosion rate and side reaction.
Highlights
The energy problems have been paid more and more attention recently
Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) based on organic electrolyte have gained great improvement as one of the most competitive energy conversion and storage systems with high energy/power density [5,6,7], their cost, safety, and large-rate charge/discharge characteristics are still the challenging issues which need to be solved in view of their large-scale use in electric vehicles and smart grids [8,9,10,11,12,13]
International Journal of Photoenergy lithium ion batteries (ARLIBs), a hybrid cationic aqueousbased rechargeable battery system based on lithium intercalation cathode with undoped LiMn2O4 and low equilibrium potential and low-cost zinc anode was first reported by Chen’s group [19]
Summary
The energy problems have been paid more and more attention recently. All kinds of energy including solar energy have been developed [1,2,3,4]. International Journal of Photoenergy lithium ion batteries (ARLIBs), a hybrid cationic aqueousbased rechargeable battery system based on lithium intercalation cathode with undoped LiMn2O4 and low equilibrium potential and low-cost zinc anode was first reported by Chen’s group [19]. Since they have attracted increasing concerns about aqueous batteries [20, 21] and the similar systems such as Na0.44MnO2//Zn [22], LiMnPO4//Zn [23], LiCo1/3Mn1/3Ni1/3PO4//Zn [24], and so on [25,26,27,28]. The effect of different cathode current collectors and electrolytes on the coulombic efficiency and the cycling performance of the battery were studied systematically
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