Electrochemical Oxidation of Resorcinol in Aqueous Medium Using Boron-Doped Diamond Anode: Reaction Kinetics and Process Optimization with Response Surface Methodology.

Bahadır K Körbahti,Pelin Demirbüken

doi:10.3389/fchem.2017.00075

Abstract

Electrochemical oxidation of resorcinol in aqueous medium using boron-doped diamond anode (BDD) was investigated in a batch electrochemical reactor in the presence of Na2SO4 supporting electrolyte. The effect of process parameters such as resorcinol concentration (100–500 g/L), current density (2–10 mA/cm2), Na2SO4 concentration (0–20 g/L), and reaction temperature (25–45°C) was analyzed on electrochemical oxidation using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum operating conditions were determined as 300 mg/L resorcinol concentration, 8 mA/cm2 current density, 12 g/L Na2SO4 concentration, and 34°C reaction temperature. One hundred percent of resorcinol removal and 89% COD removal were obtained in 120 min reaction time at response surface optimized conditions. These results confirmed that the electrochemical mineralization of resorcinol was successfully accomplished using BDD anode depending on the process conditions, however the formation of intermediates and by-products were further oxidized at much lower rate. The reaction kinetics were evaluated at optimum conditions and the reaction order of electrochemical oxidation of resorcinol in aqueous medium using BDD anode was determined as 1 based on COD concentration with the activation energy of 5.32 kJ/mol that was supported a diffusion-controlled reaction.

Highlights

Resorcinol (1,3-dihydroxybenzene, C6H6O2, CAS No 108-46-3) is a white crystalline phenolic compound and it is a main component of the adhesives in rubber products and wood additives
chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, mass transfer coefficient, J/J◦lim values (α), and energy consumption data were processed for Equation (5) including analysis of variance (ANOVA) in order to obtain the interaction between the process variables and the responses
The electrochemical oxidation of resorcinol in aqueous medium using boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode was investigated in a batch electrochemical reactor

Summary

Introduction

Resorcinol (1,3-dihydroxybenzene, C6H6O2, CAS No 108-46-3) is a white crystalline phenolic compound and it is a main component of the adhesives in rubber products and wood additives. The other uses include the manufacture of specialty chemicals, explosive primers, antioxidants, flame retardants, UV stabilizers, dyes, agricultural chemicals, fungicidal creams and lotions, meta-amino phenols, hair dyes, and pharmaceuticals (Hahn et al, 2006). Resorcinol can be released into the environment as hazardous pollutant from industrial production, coal conversion processes, oil shale mining refineries, and consumer uses such as hair dyes and pharmaceuticals. Resorcinol is most common in hair dyes, shampoos, hair lotions, peels, and in products used to treat acne, eczema, and other dermatological issues (Hahn et al, 2006). Resorcinol can be released into the environment during the production and processing of industrial facilities and from domestic effluents as well. The exposure to resorcinol causes toxicological effects in humans and animals which were reported as thyroid dysfunction, skin irritation, central nervous system disturbances, red blood cell changes, and decreases in body weight gain and decreased survival (Hahn et al, 2006)

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion