Electrochemical methods in biomedical studies

Abstract

Own experimental studies on the development of highly sensitive methods of electrochemical analysis applicable for biochemical research in the postgenomic era as well as electrochemical sensor systems for analysis of various biological objects have been summarized. Electroanalysis of catalytic activity of cytochrome P450 resulted in the development of a system for screening potential substrates and/or inhibitors of this class hemoproteins, as well as biologically active compounds modulating the catalytic function of this protein. The study of kinetics of bioaffinity troponin I/anti-troponin I (antibody to TnI) interactions in human plasma resulted in the development of a highly sensitive piezoelectric immunosensor, performing direct registration of biochemical interactions based on the difference of the kinetic parameters of specific and nonspecific bioaffinity interactions without additional administration of labels and without chemical modifications. The developed methods of direct registration of the electrochemical activity of bacterial cells Escherichia coli JM109 are applicable for real time evaluation of antibacterial activity of drug substances; this requires minimal volumes of cells (106 CFU/electrode). Special attention is paid to experimental data on preparation of polymers with molecular imprints (molecularly imprinted polymers, MIP) as analogues of antibodies and biorecognizing elements, carrying selective complementary analytes binding based on the “lock and key” principle.