Abstract
The development of new anode materials having high electrochemical performances and interesting reaction mechanisms is highly required to satisfy the need for long-lasting mobile electronic devices and electric vehicles. Here, we report a layer crystalline structured SnP3 and its unique electrochemical behaviors with Li. The SnP3 was simply synthesized through modification of Sn crystallography by combination with P and its potential as an anode material for LIBs was investigated. During Li insertion reaction, the SnP3 anode showed an interesting two-step electrochemical reaction mechanism comprised of a topotactic transition (0.7–2.0 V) and a conversion (0.0–2.0 V) reaction. When the SnP3-based composite electrode was tested within the topotactic reaction region (0.7–2.0 V) between SnP3 and LixSnP3 (x ≤ 4), it showed excellent electrochemical properties, such as a high volumetric capacity (1st discharge/charge capacity was 840/663 mA h cm−3) with a high initial coulombic efficiency, stable cycle behavior (636 mA h cm−3 over 100 cycles), and fast rate capability (550 mA h cm−3 at 3C). This layered SnP3 anode will be applicable to a new anode material for rechargeable LIBs.
Highlights
Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are used in high-end consumer electronic products, and are one of the representative energy sources for electric vehicles(EV), hybrid EV, and portable electronic devices
Sn-based materials have been suggested as representative alternative anode materials for LIBs because Sn can react reversibly with large amounts of Li, forming Li4.25Sn at room temperature, Sn anodes show poor cycling behavior resulting from the huge volume distortions (~300%) during Li insertion/extraction[1,2,5,6,7,8]
On the basis of the reaction mechanism of the SnP3 electrode, we propose its utilization as a high performance LIB anode material
Summary
Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are used in high-end consumer electronic products, and are one of the representative energy sources for electric vehicles(EV), hybrid EV, and portable electronic devices. Sn-based materials have been suggested as representative alternative anode materials for LIBs because Sn can react reversibly with large amounts of Li, forming Li4.25Sn at room temperature, Sn anodes show poor cycling behavior resulting from the huge volume distortions (~300%) during Li insertion/extraction[1,2,5,6,7,8]. P-based materials have been suggested as alternative anodes for LIBs, because of their interesting 2D-layer or 3D-channel structures[28,29,30,31,32,33]. Li topotactic reactions in 3D-framework structured SiP2 and 3D-channel structured VP have been reported[32,33] These materials showed stable cycling performances, they had relatively low reversible capacities. On the basis of the reaction mechanism of the SnP3 electrode, we propose its utilization as a high performance LIB anode material
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