Abstract
Smart (Nano) materials with biosensing functions posses enormous potential in development of new generation of stable biosensors, chemical sensors, and actuators. Recently, there is a considerable interest in using TiO2 nanostructured materials as a film-forming material since they have high surface area, optical transparency, high bio-compatibility, and relatively good conductivity. In this work, TiO2 nanostructured films were used as nanoporous electrodes to study the electron transfer mechanisms of dopamine. epinephrine and norepinephrine, in order to develop a new generation of chemical sensors. The interesting results obtained are described herein and the analytical characterization of these neurotransmitter sensors is reported.
Highlights
Nanomaterials have attracted tremendeous attention in the research community, due to their unique size-dependent properties [1], which originate from the large contribution of surface atoms to the properties of nanoscale objects and from the size quantization effect [2]
Following this study of developing electrochemical sensors for determination of DA and ascorbic acid (AA) in biological samples, this paper reports the fabrication of TiO2 nanostructured –modified Si electrodes based on film deposition on Si plates
The Differential Pulsed Voltammograms of a binary mixture of 1 M DA and 1 mM AA in 0.1 phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.4 indicate that the interactions between nanostructured TiO2 surfaces and AA and DA lead to the resolution of the overlapped voltammetric wave, observed in the case of conventional Glassy Carbon (GC) electrode (Figure 1, dashed line), into well defined peaks at + 280 mV and + 380 mV, corresponding to the oxidation of AA and DA, respectively (Figure 1, continuous line)
Summary
Nanomaterials have attracted tremendeous attention in the research community, due to their unique size-dependent properties [1], which originate from the large contribution of surface atoms to the properties of nanoscale objects and from the size quantization effect [2]. TiO2 nanostructured materials show interesting ion-sieving properties which are fundamental to create electroactive probes using the electrical-charge selectivity and permeability of these-modified electrodes (which depends on the “surface chemistry properties of these nanomaterials”) [1] towards charged systems. Considering these properties, in this work we have detected several important biological probes, as dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, i.e., which play a key role during excessive oxidative stress events in humans and in early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Electrodes were applied successfully to the simultaneous determination of DA and AA in their mixtures, in order to develop chemical sensors for in vivo monitoring concerning human diseases
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