Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a highly toxic family of synthetic chemical compounds. PCBs are widely spread in the environment and their toxicity can cause serious ailments to living organisms such as cancer; therefore, developing a device for the detection of PCBs in the environment is significant. In this paper, polyclonal primary anti-PCB antibodies were immobilized onto a gold screen-printed electrode with the purpose of creating an electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of Aroclor 1254. It was modified with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA) and the activation of the carboxylic acid terminal was performed by cross-linking 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hyrodsuccinmide (NHS) on the electrode surface. Cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear sweep voltammetry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurement were employed to characterize SAM development on the gold electrode. Using a competitive assay, a 0.09 ng/mL−1 limit of detection and a linear range of 0.101–220 ng/mL−1 were determined. The self-assembled monolayers (SAM) were successful in encapsulating the PCBs on the immunosensor. The electrochemical detection showed better resolution when compared to traditional methods such as the ELISA optical technique. The novel electrochemical immunosensor approach that is discussed in this paper has the potential to offer rapid sample screening in a portable, disposable format and could contribute to the effective control and prevention of PCBs in the environment.
Highlights
Accepted: 25 October 2021Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a family of artificial organic compounds with two to ten chlorine atoms attached to the biphenyl [1,2]
The novel electrochemical immunosensor approach that is discussed in this paper has the potential to offer rapid sample screening in a portable, disposable format and could contribute to the effective control and prevention of PCBs in the environment
In order to study self-assembled monolayers (SAM) behavior, a characterization of the monolayer on the gold electrode was carried out using contact angle, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
Summary
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a family of artificial organic compounds with two to ten chlorine atoms attached to the biphenyl [1,2]. These compounds have been used as plasticizers, surface coatings, inks, additives for insulating liquids, pesticides, and lubricants [5,6], all of which have contaminated the environment. PCBs occur in all environments matrixes and can be found in a variety of environmental media (water, atmosphere, soil, sediment, and creatures) [7,8,9,10]. These chemicals have become a significant danger to the environment and the health and safety of humans.
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