Abstract
In the present paper, the composite of zeolite imidazolate framework-11 (ZIF-11) and activated carbon derived from rice husks (RHAC) was synthesized. The obtained materials were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX-mapping, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms. The final composite ZIF-11/RHAC exhibits an even dispersion of ZIF-11 particles on activated carbon matrix. Herein, an electrochemical sensor based on a ZIF-11/RHAC was developed for a rapid determination of triclosan (TCS). It was found that the oxidation of TCS is irreversible and involves the transfer of one electron. The linear range for TCS detection in the optimized experimental conditions was found to be 0.1-8 μM with the limit of detection of 0.076 μM. Finally, the proposed method was successfully employed to detect TCS in different personal care product samples with high accuracy, which was confirmed by a good agreement between these results and those obtained using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Highlights
Triclosan (2,4,4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxydiphenyl ether) with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria has been widely used for several decades
The microalga was about 30- to 80-fold (IC25 = 0:0034 mg/L TCS) more sensitive to TCS toxicity. Due to these effects to both aquatic environment and human, several analytical techniques have been devoted for TCS detection in various types of samples, such as dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with rapid liquid chromatography [4], liquid chromatography Journal of Nanomaterials tandem mass spectrometry [2], spectrophotometry [5], electron capture negative ionization mass spectrometry [6], and electrochemistry [7]
The obtained rice husk (RH) was carbonized at 400°C for 4 h to yield the charcoal product which was further treated with 60 mL of 1 M NaOH solution at room temperature for 20 min to completely remove any traces of silica
Summary
Triclosan (2,4,4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxydiphenyl ether) (denoted as TCS) with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria has been widely used for several decades. The development of porous materials with hierarchical structure has provided various sensors for TCS detection Different electrodes such as ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK3) functionalized electrodes [8], graphene/palladium nanoparticle hybrids [9], β–cyclodextrin functionalized graphene nano platelets [10], and carbon nanodots/chitosan [11] have been developed providing sensitive, selective, and stable electrochemical sensors for the TCS detection. All of these manifest that porous materials play an important role on designing sensitive TCS sensors. The analytical performance of TCS in some cosmetic products was conducted
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