Electrochemical Determination of Neomycin and Norfloxacin at a Novel Polymer Nanocomposite Electrode in Aqueous Solution

Abstract

ABSTRACTOrganic compounds such as antibiotics that are not effectively removed by modern-day treatment technology are a growing threat to water quality and health. The emergence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment is a matter of concern as they may induce bacterial resistance, a major threat to health-care management and an increasing economic crisis. The current methods that are used to detect antibiotics are expensive and time consuming due to the sample preparation necessary for the determination of low concentrations of antibiotics in water and the instruments used. Electrochemical sensors and biosensors are simple systems, with high selectivity and sensitivity for individual measurements and low cost. In this study, we present a novel polyamic acid/graphene oxide electrode that was prepared for electrochemical screening of selected antibiotic residues in aqueous solution. Polyamic acid and graphene oxide were synthesized independently and characterized using microscopic, spectroscopic, and voltammetric approaches. A polyamic acid/graphene oxide/screen-sprinted carbon electrode was prepared in situ by electrochemical deposition of polyamic acid/graphene (0.03 mg/mL 50:50 mass ratio) on screen-printed carbon electrodes using five cycles between −1000 and 1000 mV at 50 mV/s. The polyamic acid/graphene oxide/screen-printed carbon electrode provided limits of detection of 0.034 µM for norfloxacin and 1.07 µM for neomycin. Recovery studies on synthetic urine showed good inter-day and intra-day coefficients of variation (n = 3).