Electrochemical determination of Cu(II) ions using glassy carbon electrode modified by some nanomaterials and 3-nitroaniline

Abstract

Abstract The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of the several nanomaterials in electrochemical determination of Cu(II) ions. For this aim, firstly the deposition of graphene oxide (GO), graphene, magnetite (Fe3O4), gold-chitosan (AuChts) or multilayer carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface was performed. Then the electrochemical modification of electrode by poly-3-nitroaniline (poly-3NA) was performed by 100 potential cycles in the range between +0.9 V and +1.4 V vs. Ag/AgNO3 at the sweep rate of 100 mV/s. For electrochemical reduction of nitro groups present on modified GC electrode surface, potential cycling was performed in 100 mM HCl between −0.1 V and −0.8 V vs. Ag/AgCl/(KClsat.) at the sweep rate of 100 mV/s. Nanomaterial and poly-3NA modified electrodes were applied in the determination of Cu(II) ions by differential pulse voltammetry. It was determined that GC electrodes consecutively modified with MWCNTs, poly-3NA and then by electrochemical reduction of nitro groups were the most sensitive towards Cu(II) ions with detection limit of 0.5 × 10−9 M.