Electrochemical determination of closantel in the commercial formulation by square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry

Abstract

In this paper, the square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetric (SWAdSV) determination of the veterinary drug closantel using a renewable silver amalgam film electrode (Hg(Ag)FE) is presented. As observed in SWAdSV, closantel provided one well-shaped reduction peak suitable for analytical purposes at potential ca. −1.4 V in the Britton–Robinson (B-R) buffer at pH 7.0. At optimal conditions, the SWAdSV response of Hg(Ag)FE for determining closantel was linear over two concentration ranges of 5.0 × 10−8 to 2.0 × 10−7 mol dm−3 and 2.0 × 10−7 to 1.2 × 10−6 mol dm−3 with a detection limit of 1.1 × 10−8 mol dm−3. In addition, a relevance of the developed SWAdSV method was successfully verified by the quantitative analysis of closantel in the commercial formulation Closamectin Pour-On with satisfactory results (RSD = 5.8%, recovery = 101.8%). The results showed that the developed procedure can be adequate for screening purposes. Also, the electrochemical behavior of closantel was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, and it was found that closantel exhibited a quasi-reversible behavior with cathodic peak on the forward scan at ca. −1.4 V and anodic peak on the reverse scan at ca. −1.35 V vs. Ag/AgCl in B–R buffer, pH 7.0. As the obtained results showed that the electrode mechanism of closantel is controlled by the adsorption, the effect of adsorption was studied using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique.Graphical abstract