Abstract
Beta-blockers are generally prescribed for cardiovascular treatment and sometimes as sedative drugs for professionals such as musicians and athletes, which can cause serious side and adverse effects when the dosage is high. Additionally, beta-blockers are maintained as prohibited drugs for athletes by World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). It is urgent to develop quick, simple and affordable analytical tools for beta-blockers. Electrochemical sensors have been favored by researchers for their simplicity, portability and quick detection. Therefore, this review discusses the most common voltammetric sensors for beta-blockers, along with two important features for effective determination: sensitivity and selectivity, which are realized by chemically modified electrodes.
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