Electrochemical determination of adrenaline in human urine using a boron-doped diamond film electrode

Abstract

Abstract A simple and sensitive square-wave voltammetric method for the determination of adrenaline on unmodified boron-doped diamond film electrode was developed. Adrenaline exhibited the quasi-reversible behavior with oxidation peak on the forward scan at + 0.75 V and smaller reduction peak on the reverse scan at − 0.10 V vs. Ag/AgCl electrode in 0.5 M HClO4. The effect of supporting electrolyte, pH and scan rate on the current response of adrenaline was examined to select the optimum experimental conditions. At optimized square-wave voltammetric parameters (amplitude of 100 mV, frequency of 50 Hz and step potential of 5 mV), the linear concentration range from 0.7 to 60 μM (R2 = 0.998, number of measurements n = 6), the excellent repeatability (relative standard deviation of 3.5% for n = 50) and the detection limit of 0.21 μM were achieved without any chemical modification and pretreatment of working electrode. The practical application of method was demonstrated in the determination of adrenaline in spiked human urine samples with satisfactory recoveries (98 to 102%).