Abstract

An on-chip electrochemical flow immunoassay system for the detection of hemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c) was developed using anti-human hemoglobin (Hb) IgG labeled with ferrocene monocarboxylic acid (Fc–COOH) and boronate-affinity chromatography. An on-chip column packed with boronate-activated agarose beads was used for the separation of HbA 1c from both non-glycated Hb and free antibody. Anti-human Hb IgG conjugated to Fc–COOH (Fc–IgG) was used for the electrochemical detection of HbA 1c. The assay procedure included immunoreactions with Fc–IgG and HbA 1c, separation of immunocomplexes by boronate affinity, and electrochemical detection of Fc–IgG–HbA 1c immunocomplexes. The immunoreaction mixtures were injected onto a boronate-affinity column. HbA 1c–antibody complexes were then trapped onto the column by the affinity of HbA 1c to boronic acid. Subsequently, elution buffer containing sorbitol was applied to elute HbA 1c–antibody complexes and a current was detected by applying 600 mV versus Ag/AgCl. The elution signal was an estimation of the HbA 1c amount. A linear correlation between the increase of current and HbA 1c concentration was obtained up to an HbA 1c concentration of 500 μg/ml. The HbA 1c flow immunoassay was successfully achieved using hemolysates. This electrochemical flow immunoassay system enabled us to construct a novel point-of-care testing device for the monitoring of glycated proteins including HbA 1c.

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