Abstract
The detection of dopamine in a highly sensitive and selective manner is crucial for the early diagnosis of a number of neurological diseases/disorders. Here, a report on a new platform for the electrochemical detection of dopamine with a considerable accuracy that comprises a 3D porous graphene oxide (pGO)/gold nanoparticle (GNP)/pGO composite-modified indium tin oxide (ITO) is presented. The pGO was first synthesized and purified by ultrasonication and centrifugation, and it was then further functionalized on the surface of a GNP-immobilized ITO electrode. Remarkably, owing to the synergistic effects of the pGO and GNPs, the 3D pGO-GNP-pGO-modified ITO electrode showed a superior dopamine-detection performance compared with the other pGO- or GNP-modified ITO electrodes. The linear range of the newly developed sensing platform is from 0.1 μM to 30 μM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.28 μM, which is more precise than the other previously reported GO-functionalized electrodes. Moreover, the 3D pGO-GNP-pGO-modified ITO electrodes maintained their detection capability even in the presence of several interfering molecules (e.g., ascorbic acid, glucose). The proposed platform of the 3D pGO-GNP-pGO-modified ITO electrode could therefore serve as a competent candidate for the development of a dopamine-sensing platform that is potentially applicable for the early diagnosis of various neurological diseases/disorders.
Highlights
Dopamine is a part of the catecholamine family that is produced by the dopaminergic neurons in the brain [1]
The indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode was obtained from U.I.D. (Cheongju, Korea), and the gold nanoparticles with a diameter of 60 nm were purchased from BB Solutions (Cardiff, UK)
The results show newly developed platform, the porous graphene oxide (pGO)-gold nanoparticle (GNP)-pGO
Summary
Dopamine is a part of the catecholamine family that is produced by the dopaminergic neurons in the brain [1]. Dopamine is known as a critical signal-transmission element between the neurons since it is affiliated with most of the important human body function such as motor control, reward, motivation, and cognitive functions [2,3,4,5] Owing to this importance of dopamine, it has been reported that insufficient dopamine levels in the blood, or the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain, could result in a number of severe neurological diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, drug addiction, psychosis, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [6,7]. The electrochemical sensitivity of dopamine is still lower than those of the other conventional methods such as HPLC and ELISA, which remains as a significant impediment to overcome prior to the practical use of this method for precise dopamine detection
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