Electrochemical behavior of Sn-xZn lead-free solders in aerated NaCl solution

Abstract

Electrochemical corrosion behavior of Sn-xZn solder alloys (i.e. hypoeutectic Sn-6.5Zn, eutectic Sn-9Zn and hypereutectic Sn-12Zn, in wt.%) in aerated 0.5 M NaCl solution was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization techniques, aiming to assess the effect of Zn content on the corrosion behavior of Sn-Zn alloys. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with EDX, X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed to characterize the surface morphology and to identify the chemical composition of the corrosion products, respectively. It is found that increasing Zn contents lead to an increase in corrosion current density and the corrosion potential shifted towards more negative values, revealing that the corrosion rates increase in the order of: Sn-6.5Zn < Sn-9Zn < Sn-12Zn. The acquired electrochemical impedances were successfully fitted with an equivalent circuit model. Fitted results reveal that total impedance decreased with increasing Zn content, indicating that Sn-6.5Zn alloy exhibits the highest corrosion resistance. The results are further confirmed by surface morphology characterization of the corrosion products, which shows a more homogeneous product film for lower Zn content. Analysis of the corrosion products indicates that oxide hydroxychlorides are the dominant corrosion products. Based on the obtained results, it is suggested that Sn-Zn alloy with lower Zn content appears to be more attractive in terms of superior corrosion resistance.