Abstract
Arylated products are found in various fields of chemistry and represent essential entities for many applications. Therefore, the formation of this structural feature represents a central issue of contemporary organic synthesis. By the action of electricity the necessity of leaving groups, metal catalysts, stoichiometric oxidizers, or reducing agents can be omitted in part or even completely. The replacement of conventional reagents by sustainable electricity not only will be environmentally benign but also allows significant short cuts in electrochemical synthesis. In addition, this methodology can be considered as inherently safe. The current survey is organized in cathodic and anodic conversions as well as by the number of leaving groups being involved. In some electroconversions the reagents used are regenerated at the electrode, whereas in other electrotransformations free radical sequences are exploited to afford a highly sustainable process. The electrochemical formation of the aryl-substrate bond is discussed for aromatic substrates, heterocycles, other multiple bond systems, and even at saturated carbon substrates. This survey covers most of the seminal work and the advances of the past two decades in this area.
Highlights
Structural features with aryl moieties occupy an outstandingly important role in modern organic chemistry
The syntheses of these moieties are crucial for synthesis of complex, nonsymmetric structures and contributes to a majority of contemporary areas like material science, biochemistry, and nanotechnology.[1−3] Usually, such entities can be synthesized by transition-metal catalysis in combination with prefunctionalized aryls or by application of chemical redox reagents to activate C,H or C,X bonds
This review will provide an almost complete and current survey about the electrochemical arylation reaction which was considered for a long time as a niche technology and is evolving to a key technology for sustainable processes
Summary
Structural features with aryl moieties occupy an outstandingly important role in modern organic chemistry The syntheses of these moieties are crucial for synthesis of complex, nonsymmetric structures and contributes to a majority of contemporary areas like material science, biochemistry, and nanotechnology.[1−3] Usually, such entities can be synthesized by transition-metal catalysis in combination with prefunctionalized aryls or by application of chemical redox reagents to activate C,H or C,X bonds. All of these approaches give rise to a significant amount of toxic reagent waste or often lack selective bond formation. This review will provide an almost complete and current survey about the electrochemical arylation reaction which was considered for a long time as a niche technology and is evolving to a key technology for sustainable processes
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