Abstract
This article reviews the progress of diversity of electrochemical aptasensor for target analytes detection. The immobilization strategies of aptamers on an electrode surface are addressed. The aptasensors are also introduced in compliance with the assay platforms. Many electrochemical aptasensors are nearly identical to conventional immunochemical approaches, sandwich and competition assays using electroactive signaling moieties. Others are “signal-on” and “sign-off” aptasensors credited to the target binding-induced conformational change of aptamers. Label-free aptasensors are also highlighted. Furthermore, the aptasensors applied for clinically important biomarkers are emphasized.
Highlights
The procedure for the in vitro selection of aptamers is called the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX; Scheme 1) [1]
This section discusses advances in the electrochemical aptasensors for target molecules monitoring, focusing on effective detection strategies for the formation of sandwich structures, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement of the change of charge transfer resistance, which is related to the target molecule level, and the aptamer conformation change causing the electrochemical signal on/off of the electroactive markers
The amperometric detection was based on the suppression of the electron transfer of the hexcyanoferrate used as a redox probe which was induced by the conformational change of Mb-aptamer in the presence of Mb
Summary
The procedure for the in vitro selection of aptamers is called the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX; Scheme 1) [1]. The aptamers may be directly chosen in vitro against different targets, from small molecules to proteins and even cells [10]. These advantages make it feasible for them to be used as a recognition probe to substitute antibodies in the diagnostic field. The electrochemical detection advantages are low-cost, fast, multi-analyte analyses, readily amenable for miniaturization, as well as being robust and compatible with novel microfabrication technologies and real time detection These advantages offer the desired characteristics for point-of-care tests for monitoring of clinical analytes
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